Page165ANNEXURESTHEINDIANPHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRYAnnexure1HEALTHCAREINFRASTRUCTURE&DISEASEPROFILEININDIAHealthcareInfrastructureThehealthcaresectorinacountryincludesnotonlythedrugsandpharmaceuticalsindustrybutalsothedeliverysystemthatmakesdrugsavailabletothepatient.Thedeliverysystemincludesdoctors,chemists,hospitalsandhealthcarerelatedservices.Ithasbeenobservedthatwithanincreaseinthepenetrationofhealthcareinfrastructureandservices,theexpenditureonpharmaceuticalsincreases.Thedevelopmentofthehealthcaresectorinaneconomyisrelatedtomanyothersocialandenviron-mentalconditionslikepoliticalandeconomicscenario,levelofinfrastructuredevelopment,adequateavailabilityofbasicamenitiessuchaswaterandsanitation,andextentofeducationandliteracy.Inmostcountries,theGovernmentplaysaveryimportantroleinthedevelopmentofthehealthcaresector.Multilateralagencies,PrivateSectorplayersandNon-GovernmentalOrganisations(NGOs)aretheothermajorplayerswhoshapethesector.Currently,Governmentsinvariousdevelopedcountriesaretryingtocontainthecostofhealthcareprovision,usinganumberofmeasuressincelargeproportionsoftheirpopulationarecoveredbytheState-sponsoredinsuranceplans.Theseplansprovideforreimbursementofexpenditureincurredonpharmaceuticalsthatarelistedintheirapproveddruglist.Thecost-containmentmeasuresinclude:substitutionofbrandeddrugsbyitstherapeuticallyreplaceablesubstitutes,increaseduseofgenericdrugsandlayingdownprescribingguidelinesforthedoctors.ThehealthcareinfrastructureinIndiahasimprovedsubstantiallysince1951butthegrowthhasstillbeeninsufficient,giventhatalargesectionofthepopulationdoesnothaveaccesstosuchfacilitiesevennow.Table1viewstheIndiansituationintheglobalcontext,intermsofhealthmanpowerandhospitalbeds.Table1HealthManpowerandHospitalBeds—AnInternationalComparisonn.a.:notavailableSource:RaisingtheSights-BetterHealthSystemforIndia’sPoor,TheWorldBankTable1showsthattheratiosofmanpowerandhospitalbedsper1,000populationinIndiainthepublicsectorarefarlowerthaneveninlow-incomecountries.However,iftheprivatesectorwerealsoconsidered,theratioofphysiciansper1,000populationforIndiawouldbecomparablewiththesameforlow-incomecountries,eventhoughtheIndianfigurewouldremainfarlowerthantheworldaverage.Theratioofhospitalbedsper1,000populationinIndiaislowerthanthefigureforlow-incomecountriesandfarlowerthantheworldaverage.Thus,considerablescopeforexpansionofthehealthcareinfrastructureinthecountryappearstoexist.Asthishappens,andasthepenetrationofhealthcareinfrastructureandservicesincreases,theexpenditureonpharmaceuticalscouldalsoincrease.PhysicianperNurseperMid-wifeperHospitalbeds1,000population1,000population1,000population1,000populationIndia—PublicSector0.2n.a.0.20.4India10.90.20.7World1.53.30.43.3Low-incomeCountries11.60.31.5Middle-incomeCountries1.81.90.64.3High-incomeCountries1.87.50.57.4ICRAINDUSTRYWATCHSERIESANNEXURESPage166DiseasePrevalenceinIndiaAccordingtoasurvey43conductedbyNationalStatisticalSurveyOrganisation(NSSO)in1995-96,approximately5.4%ofthecountry’spopulationsufferedfromsomeortheotherailment.Thesurveywasundertakenonarepresentativesampleandrecordedmorbidityintermsofnumber(per1000)personsreportingailment(PAP)during15daysprecedingthedateofsurvey.KeyfindingsofthesurveyarepresentedinTable2below.Table2Number(per1000)ofpersonsreportingailmentduringthe15daysprecedingthedateofthesurvey.AreaAilmentAllRuralAcute42Chron...
