DATACOLLECTIONAPPROACHMATRIXDATAMETHOD/SOURCESDESCRIPTIONADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESH=HIGHM=MEDIUML=LOWDocumentReview·Reviewofexistingreportsanddocuments.·Typicallyusedtogatherbackgroundinformationandacquireageneralsenseofculture/tradition.·Canbeusedtoidentifyinfluencesonindividualsororganizations.·Unobtrusive--researchersworkontheirown.·Highlyvalidbecausedataisquantifiable,historicalandobjective.·Providescluestotroublespots.·Documentscanbeadjustedor“selectivelyedited.”·Accesstomaterialsmayberestrictedtoauthorizedpersonnel.·Documentsarelimitedtoahistoricalfocus;therefore,askilledanalystisneededtoapplythemtothecurrentsituation.·Incompleteorchangingrecordcanmakedatacollectiondifficult.·Risksmisinterpretationbyunskilledanalyst.Timerequired:LManagementInvolvement:MClientInvolvement:LCost:LDataQuality:MDATAMETHOD/SOURCESDESCRIPTIONADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESH=HIGHM=MEDIUML=LOWGroupDiscussion·Similartointerviewtechnique(canbeformalandstructuredorinformalandunstructured).·Canbeusedtofocusonjobanalysis,groupproblemsetting,oranyothergrouptask.·Familiarfacilitatingtechniquesincludefocusgroups,nominalgrouptechniques,forcefieldanalysis,consensusranking,etc.·Facilitatesimmediatesharingofideasandsynthesisofdifferentopinions.·Buildssupportor“buy-in”forthefinaldecision.·Buildsrespondents’problem-solvingskills.·Participantshavemoretimetothinkthroughtheiranswersbecausethereisnotanimmediateanddirectfocusonthem.·Lessresponsibilityonconsultanttomakedecisions.Clientsharesindecision-making.·Typicallytimeconsuming.·Datacanbedifficulttoanalyzeiftechniqueisunstructured.·Theleadercanlosecontrolofthediscussionandfailtoachievemeetingobjectives.·Anindividualmayconformtogroupanswersduetorealorimaginedpeerpressure.Timerequired=HManagementInvolvement:MClientInvolvement:HCost:HDataQuality:Hp:\fcs\oc\00tool\material\graphics\datacol1.doc1DATAMETHOD/SOURCESDESCRIPTIONADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESH=HIGHM=MEDIUML=LOWObservation·Obtaindatadirectlybyobservingbehaviorandinteractingwiththeworkforce.·Maybeunstructured(walkingabouttheshopfloortoassessworkrelationships).·Frequentlyusedtoinvestigatepossiblecommunicationproblems,timeinefficiencies,resourcesandpersonnelinefficiencies,useofstandards,useofprocedures,andworkrelationships.·Mayvaryfromtechnical(time-motionstudies)tobehavioral(observingameeting).·Unobtrusivewhenunstructured.·Highlyrelevantandvalidbecauseofdirectcontactwiththework.·Informationcollectedreflectsactualbehavior.·Informationcollectediscurrent,notretrospective.·Requireshighlyskilledobserverwithbothprocessandcontentknowledge.·Difficulttorecorddataandobservelargenumbersofpeople.·Datamaybelimitedifobservationisrestrictedtotheworksetting.·Observationofjobsthatarecyclicalcanbetime-consumingandlessreliableduetochangesintheenvironmentthatoccurbetweensteps.·Thosebeingobservedmayaltertheirnormalperformance.Timerequired:HManagementInvolvement:LClientInvolvement:MCost:HDataQuality:MWorkSampleReview·Reviewofwrittenworksuchasreports,typingsamples,workpapers.·Reviewofproductsproducedsuchasadlayouts,trainingmaterials,andprojectproposals.·Unobtrusive.·Providescluestotroublespots.·Objectiveevidenceofresultsofproblemsisobtainedwithminimaleffortwincematerialbeingreviewedalreadyexistsaspartofthework.·Workersmayaltertheirbehavioriftheyknowtheirworkisbeingreviewed.·Specializedcontenta...
