BenchmarkingStudyInitiatorsInitiatorExampleIdentificationofPerformanceLevelVariations(eitherproblemsorover-achievement)•Reductioninprofits,increaseincustomercomplaints,overrunsordefectsillustrateaproblemthatrequiresrectification.•Over-achievementoftargetsorperformanceillustratestechniquesthatshouldbereplicatedinotherareas.InnovationorChange•Anewpractice,technologyorprocessisidentified.Benchmarkingmayallowthepossibleusestobedetermined.PolicyorInitiativeImplementation•AnewTotalQualityManagementpolicyimplementedbyheadofficerequiresachangeinprocesses.